Understanding the Fatal Four Hazards in Construction

What are Fatal Four Hazards?

Fatal four hazards refer to the four leading causes of construction worker deaths: falls, being struck by objects, electrocutions, and being caught in/between accidents. These hazards are responsible for most fatalities in the construction industry, highlighting the need for proper safety measures and training to prevent these tragic incidents. By addressing these hazards, employers can significantly reduce the risk of severe injuries and deaths among construction workers.

OSHA Fatal Four Hazards in Construction

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has identified the four fatal hazards as the leading causes of construction worker deaths. Moreover, research from the Center for Construction Research and Training (CPWR) has found that 65 percent of construction deaths are linked to these hazards.

Here’s a clear overview of the fatal four hazards and how often they lead to fatalities in construction, according to OSHA:

The Fatal Four Hazards in Construction

Falls

Falls are the leading cause of fatalities in the construction industry, responsible for around 37 percent of all work-related fatal incidents in the construction sector in 2022. Workers risk falling from elevated surfaces such as roofs, scaffolding, ladders, and stairways.

Struck-by Hazards

Being struck by hazards is another cause of fatalities, accounting for 8 percent of construction deaths. Workers are at risk when working near moving vehicles, cranes, or heavy equipment. They can also be hit by falling objects from above.

Electrocutions

Due to frequent exposure to electrical hazards, construction workers are also at risk for electrocution, which has comprised almost 6 percent of construction fatalities in 2022. This hazard is prevalent when working with power tools or performing electrical work without proper training and precautions.

Caught-in/Between Accidents

Caught-in/between accidents account for 5 percent of all construction worker fatalities. Workers face hazards such as being crushed, compressed, or caught between equipment, materials, or collapsing structures.

Safety Tips to Avoid the Fatal Four in Construction

Implementing construction safety measures and following OSHA regulations can significantly reduce the risk of fatal accidents in construction. Here are some essential tips to keep workers safe from these occupational hazards:

Minimize Fall Hazards

The OSHA standard 29 CFR 1926.501 requires employers to provide fall protection for construction workers on a walking or working surface with an unprotected side or edge six feet or higher above a lower level. Adequate fall protection systems include the following: 

• Guardrails 

• Safety netshttps://safetyculture.com/topics/factor-of-safety/restraint-system/

• Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS)

• Ladder safety measures

Also, proper training on correctly using fall protection equipment and maintaining a tidy and organized work environment can reduce the likelihood of fall-related accidents.

Reduce Struck-By Injury Rates

Heavy machinery, tools, and construction materials can become dangerous projectiles that could threaten the safety of workers. OSHA standard29 CFR 1910.212 recommends that guards should be affixed to hazardous moving parts of machinery and equipment. To have an extra layer of safety, it’s essential to: 

• Create designated storage areas for tools and materials.

• Secure loose items

• Use barricades and warning signs to keep workers from hazardous zones.

• Wear proper personal protective gear like hard hats.

Additionally, creating a culture of identifying and reporting hazards is vital, much like what Schindler implemented in their operations. Workers should be encouraged to spot potential hazards and report them to their supervisors. Open communication and a non-punitive reporting system will contribute to a safer workplace.

Reduce the Chances of Electrocution

Electrocutions are a danger, especially in industries that involve electrical work. Workers can encounter live wires, faulty equipment, or unsafe electrical systems, which can lead to severe injuries or even death. The following actions can also help minimize the risk of accidental electrocution:

• Follow lockout/tagout procedures. 

• Regularly inspect electrical equipment. 

• Use the appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) at work.

• Ensure workers are appropriately trained in electrical safety protocols.

Prevent Caught-in/Between Accidents

Proper training and communication are crucial to preventing caught-in/between accidents. Educate workers about safe work practices, equipment operations, and risks associated with confined spaces. Regular safety audits and risk assessments can also identify potential hazards before they become major problems.